The liver is the largest single organ within the body. Its primary functions:

* Make proteins
* Metabolize most nutrients absorbed by the intestines
* Clean the blood by removing drugs, alcohol and potentially harmful chemicals it contains, which are then chemically treated so that it can be excreted through the digestive system and urinary system
* Store nutrients

In contact with many hazardous substances, liver disease is protected in two ways. On the one hand, it can regenerate itself by repairing or replacing tissues with lesions. On the other hand, the liver has many cell units assigned to the same task. Thus, if an area is damaged, other cells will perform the functions of this area, either indefinitely or until it is repaired.

There is a wide range of disorders of the liver, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors and abscesses, to name a few. We will focus here on the two most common forms: hepatitis and cirrhosis.

There are several types of hepatitis and even if their symptoms are similar, they contract in different ways. Hepatitis A is most common and most contagious. It affects millions of people worldwide and is responsible for more than two million deaths per year. We normally contracted hepatitis B through contact with infected blood, vaginal fluids and semen of a person affected. Hepatitis C is estimated to affect about 3.5 million North Americans. About 15% of people with hepatitis C have been contaminated by blood transfusion before widespread testing.

The second type of liver cirrhosis is. This is a major cause of death among men between 25 and 64 in Canada and is twice as common in men than in women and 30 times more common among heavy drinkers.

Causes
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by a virus, inherited disorders and sometimes by certain medications or toxins such as alcohol and drugs. Scientists have identified three main types of viral hepatitis: Hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C.

Different hepatitis easily spread in different ways.

* Hepatitis A is waterborne and spread mainly via sewage, water and contaminated food.
* Hepatitis B is spread through contact with semen, blood and vaginal secretions contaminated and from mother to newborn. Therefore Hepatitis B is most often transmitted through unprotected sex and using contaminated needles. However, certain populations (eg.: The health professionals) are also at particular risk of being infected.
* Hepatitis C is transmitted by direct contact of blood with blood. Testing of blood donors have been improved and greatly reduces the risk of catching hepatitis B or C through a blood transfusion.
The main cause of cirrhosis is chronic infection with hepatitis C. Other causes include prolonged excessive alcohol consumption, chronic infection by hepatitis B virus, inherited disorders of iron metabolism and copper, severe reactions to certain drugs, infections caused by bacteria and parasites usually originating in the tropics of repeated heart attacks accompanied by liver congestion, and obstruction of the bile ducts. Cirrhosis of the liver tissue destroyed the progressive and irreversible, following an infection, poison or other disease. The normal liver tissue is replaced by scars and areas of regenerating liver cells.

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